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A Comprehensive Semen Analysis will show:
• Samples have been assessed within the appropriate period of abstinence and within 2 hrs of production to ensure reliability of results
• Description of overall macroscopic and microscopic appearance including volume, pH, presence of debris, important for indication of infection or other male reproductive pathologies
• MAR test (IgA/IgG) as well as agglutination to pinpoint immunological nfertility
• Presence of other cells and identification of leukocytes as a marker of inflammation/infection
• Sperm count
• In cases of azoospermia, determination of Fructose and centrifugation of semen and pellet examination will be undertaken
• Motility and analysis of progression
• Viability testing in cases of low motility
• Morphology with detailed breakdown of defects, using Kruger strict criteria
• Teratozoospermia index (TZI) as an indicator of multiple defects
• Comments to aid interpretation of results
A fully comprehensive semen analysis provides information about the function of the pituitary gland, the testes, accessory glands and spermatogenesis. Here are some of the pathologies it can indicate:
| Semen Parameters | Indications | | Appearance, volume | Prostatic disease, genital tract tumour | | Liquefaction | Dysfunction of prostate or seminal vesicles | | Volume, pH, viscosity, appearance, debris, leukocytes | Male accessory gland infection, inflammation | | Agglutination, MAR test, motility | Immunological infertility | Count
| Genetic defects, endocrine dysfunction, exposure to toxins, spermatogenic arrest | | Count, volume, pH | Congenital disorders e.g CBAVD, retrograde ejaculation, malformation or obstruction of epididymis, seminal vesicles, ejaculatory ducts | | Count, motility, progression, morphology | Fertility | Motility
| Varicocoele, prolonged ejaculatory abstinence, sperm flagellar defects, abnormal sperm differentiation or epididymal transport, antisperm antibodies, infection, inflammation | Morphology – specific defects
| Varicocoele, heat exposure, spermiogenesis abnormality, genetic defect, hypo-osmotic stress, environmental toxins, or aging sperm
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